Browse the glossary:
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target condition
— The health condition of interest that a test is used to detect in a study of diagnostic test accuracy; … (read more)
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test, diagnostic see diagnostic test
— A procedure used to detect the presence or absence of a health condition; … (read more)
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test, screening see screening test
— A procedure used to find out whether or not a person has a specific health condition before it causes any symptoms; … (read more)
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theory
— A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain how a treatment works; … (read more)
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time horizon
— In economic evaluations, the time period specified over which important differences in resource use (costs) and outcomes are expected to occur; … (read more)
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treatment
(intervention)
— Any preventive, therapeutic, rehabilitative or palliative action intended to improve the health or wellbeing of individuals or communities; … (read more)
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treatment comparison
— Any comparison of treatments, including receiving a treatment compared to not receiving it; … (read more)
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treatment comparison group
(arms of a trial, comparison group,)
— A group of participants in a study allocated to receive one or more different treatments, usual care, or placebo; … (read more)
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treatment effect
(clinical impact, estimate of effect, impact)
— Changes (increases or decreases) or differences in health outcomes as a result of treatments; … (read more)
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treatment effect
— Best estimate of the outcomes that can be ascribed to the use of a treatment; … (read more)
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trial phases
— Steps in the evaluation of new drugs, from first use in humans to monitoring for adverse events during widespread use; … (read more)
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trial, explanatory see explanatory trial
(efficacy* trial)
— A study designed to assess the effects of a treatment given in ideal circumstances; … (read more)
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trial, phase 1 see phase 1 trial
— A research study designed to find out how a new drug is dealt with by the body, how the people given it react to it, and the lowest dose that may be effective; … (read more)
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trial, phase 2 see phase 2 trial
— A study designed to find out whether a new drug is promising, to identify common side effects, and refine the dose and duration of treatment; … (read more)
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trial, phase 3 see phase 3 trial
— A study designed to find out whether a promising new drug actually has important beneficial effects and an acceptable frequency and severity of side effects; … (read more)
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trial, phase 4 see phase 4 trial
(post-marketing surveillance)
— A study carried out after a drug has received a marketing licence, to find out more about its effects, including long term harms and benefits; … (read more)
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trial, pragmatic see pragmatic trail
(effectiveness trial)
— A study designed to assess the effects of a treatment given in the circumstances of everyday practice; … (read more)
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triple blinding
(triple masking)
— Actions intended to prevent three (or more) groups of people involved in a study from knowing which participants received which treatment; … (read more)
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true negative test result
(true negative)
— For tests, a true negative result is when the index test result is negative and the reference standard test result is negative; … (read more)
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true positive test result
(true positive)
— For tests, a true positive result occurs when the index test is positive and the reference standard test result is also positive; … (read more)
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type 1 error see false positive test result
(alpha, false positive, type 1 error)
— Mistakenly concluding that there is a difference in effect between treatments, or between treatment and no treatment, when there is actually no difference; … (read more)
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type 2 error see false negative test result
(beta, false negative, type 2 error)
— Mistakenly concluding that there is no difference in effect between treatments, or between a treatment and no treatment, when there actually is; … (read more)
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type of study
(research design)
— Key features of research methods used to categorize types of studies; … (read more)